Theoria

Opening guide · Repertoire for White

Rosentreter gambit: learn the moves and ideas

In this Italian Game repertoire, White plays an early d4 against Black’s bishop on c5. Explore how c3 opens lines and brings the pieces into an attack when Black accepts the pawn.

Practise this opening

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Opening positionBlack to move.
1. e4 e5 2. Nf3 Nc6 3. Bc4 Bc5 4. d4

Two lines from our repertoire

Follow each line from the starting position. The notes explain the position after the displayed move, including the plan for the next move. These are repertoire examples; your opponent can choose other replies.

Pause at the diagrams to see the idea. The highlighted squares show the last move; the note explains what comes next.

Moves use international algebraic notation: N = knight, B = bishop, R = rook, Q = queen, K = king.

1. Difficult in training, easy in battle!

  1. 1. e4
  2. 1... e5
    After 1... e5

    We attack ♟ with the move ♘g1-f3

  3. 2. Nf3
  4. 2... Nc6
    After 2... Nc6

    We develop ♗f1-c4, targeting ♟f7

  5. 3. Bc4
  6. 3... Bc5
    After 3... Bc5

    We play ♙d2-d4 under attack from three black pieces. The opponent definitely isn’t expecting this move—that’s how we catch them off guard!

  7. 4. d4
  8. After 4... exd4White to move.
    At the board4... exd4
    After 4... exd4

    Let’s begin our journey with the capture of ♟, which is considered the worst move, and there is a clear logic behind this: Black loses control of the e5-square, doubles the ♟ on the d-file, and creates a target for a further undermining of the center with ♙c2-c3.

  9. 5. c3
  10. 5... dxc3
    After 5... dxc3

    More than half of players can’t resist capturing. We’re just waiting for the moment to shock our opponent by capturing with ♗c4xf7, destroying the shelter around the ♚, and our opponent will never be able to castle again. It’s important not to forget this in a live over-the-board game :)

  11. 6. Bxf7+
  12. 6... Kxf7
    After 6... Kxf7

    We deliver a double attack ♕d1-d5+

  13. 7. Qd5+
  14. 7... Ke8
    After 7... Ke8

    You want to immediately capture ♝, but a little patience is needed. The additional check ♕d5-h5+ gives the opponent a choice: weaken their pawn structure with ♟g6 or move ♚ to a worse position.

  15. 8. Qh5+
  16. After 8... g6White to move.
    At the board8... g6
    After 8... g6

    We have weakened the a1-h8 diagonal, so we can capture ♝

  17. 9. Qxc5
  18. 9... d6
    After 9... d6

    We capture ♟, attacking ♜h8 and restoring material equality

  19. 10. Qxc3
  20. 10... Qf6
    After 10... Qf6

    Let’s pause briefly at this position: our opponent is offering a ♕ trade—should we accept? We have the advantage in central control, and we must not forget that the ♚ has already moved and cannot castle. Therefore, we need the ♕ for the attack! The next question is: where should it retreat? I suggest b3, with ♟b7 in its sights.

  21. 11. Qb3
  22. 11... Nge7
    After 11... Nge7

    Before launching the attack, let’s make sure our own ♔ is safe.

  23. 12. O-O
  24. After 12... Bg4White to move.
    At the board12... Bg4
    After 12... Bg4

    A dangerous move; ♕xb7 is unfavorable now, since Black has prepared the defense of their ♞c6 in advance, allowing them to play ♜b8 and ♝xf3. Therefore, always check whether your opponent is “giving” you something, because there is no such thing as a free lunch. Let’s complete our development with an attack: ♗c1-g5

  25. 13. Bg5
  26. 13... Qe6
    After 13... Qe6

    Exchanging ♕ is still not in our interest! We attack ♜h8 again!

  27. 14. Qc3
  28. 14... Bxf3
    After 14... Bxf3

    If the opponent had played ♜f8, we would bring out the last piece ♘d2, but here the situation is more dangerous, as it is easy to make a mistake. First ♕c3xh8, but be careful.

  29. 15. Qxh8+
  30. 15... Kd7
    After 15... Kd7

    Read the commentary! It is very tempting to take ♜, but ♛g4 awaits us, threatening checkmate. After that, there will be no one to defend ♔, and we will be checkmated. We bring ♕ back to the third rank. We are learning not only to attack, but also to defend.

  31. 16. Qc3
  32. After 16... Nd4White to move.
    At the board16... Nd4
    After 16... Nd4

    The threat is a fork ♞e2+, and a new threat ♛g4 appears. We have only one move: ♔g1-h1

  33. 17. Kh1
  34. 17... Qg4
    After 17... Qg4

    We defend against checkmate ♖f1-g1. Now Black has 3 minor pieces under attack

  35. 18. Rg1
  36. 18... Bxe4
    After 18... Bxe4

    We don’t capture ♕xd4, because we would allow a discovered check! So we develop ♘b1-d2, keep an eye on ♝e4, and convert the extra exchange.

  37. After 19. Nd2Black to move.
    At the board19. Nd2

2. The exchange of ♕ is declined! (2)

  1. 1. e4
  2. 1... e5
    After 1... e5

    We attack ♟ with the move ♘g1-f3

  3. 2. Nf3
  4. 2... Nc6
    After 2... Nc6

    We develop ♗f1-c4, targeting ♟f7

  5. 3. Bc4
  6. 3... Bc5
    After 3... Bc5

    We play ♙d2-d4, placing it under attack by three black pieces. Our opponent certainly won’t expect this move—that’s how we catch them off guard!

  7. 4. d4
  8. After 4... exd4White to move.
    At the board4... exd4
    After 4... exd4

    Let’s begin our journey with the capture of ♟, which is considered the worst move, and there is a clear logic behind this: Black loses control of the e5-square, doubles the ♟s on the d-file, and creates a target for a further undermining of the center with ♙c2-c3.

  9. 5. c3
  10. 5... dxc3
    After 5... dxc3

    More than half of players can’t resist capturing. We’re just waiting for the moment to shock our opponent with ♗c4xf7, destroying the ♚’s shelter, after which they will never be able to castle again. It’s important not to forget this in a live over-the-board game :)

  11. 6. Bxf7+
  12. 6... Kxf7
    After 6... Kxf7

    We deliver a double attack ♕d1-d5+

  13. 7. Qd5+
  14. 7... Ke8
    After 7... Ke8

    It is tempting to immediately capture the ♝, but a little patience is needed. The additional check ♕d5-h5+ gives the opponent a choice: weaken their pawn structure with the move ♟g6 or move the ♚ to a worse position.

  15. 8. Qh5+
  16. After 8... g6White to move.
    At the board8... g6
    After 8... g6

    We weakened the a1-h8 diagonal, so we can capture ♝

  17. 9. Qxc5
  18. 9... d6
    After 9... d6

    We capture ♟, attacking ♜h8 and restoring material equality

  19. 10. Qxc3
  20. 10... Qf6
    After 10... Qf6

    Let's pause for a moment in this position: the opponent is offering a ♕ trade—should we accept? We have the advantage in controlling the center; let's not forget that the ♚ has already moved and cannot castle. So we need the ♕ for the attack! The next question is: where should it retreat? I suggest b3, targeting ♟b7

  21. 11. Qb3
  22. 11... Bg4
    After 11... Bg4

    We can capture ♕b3xb7, since it is a double attack on the ♞ and ♜

  23. 12. Qxb7
  24. After 12... Bxf3White to move.
    At the board12... Bxf3
    After 12... Bxf3

    Not the best idea to leave ♞c6 undefended—we’ll capture it with check!

  25. 13. Qxc6+
  26. 13... Kf7
    After 13... Kf7

    We can capture the ♝, or we can capture the ♜. Let’s capture the more valuable piece.

  27. 14. Qxa8
  28. 14... Bxg2
    After 14... Bxg2

    We attack the ♝

  29. 15. Rg1
  30. 15... Ne7
    After 15... Ne7

    ♕ is under attack, don’t forget, move ♕a8-b7

  31. After 16. Qb7Black to move.
    At the board16. Qb7

Original commentary from Theoria’s opening lessons, prepared by FIDE Master Maksims Golubovskis.

Put the idea on the board

Open this opening in the trainer to study and practise its lines. Start with one line, explain the purpose of each move, then try to recall it without hints.

Your opening, explained by a master.

FIDE Master and the chess educator behind MaxounChess, Max prepares Theoria’s opening lessons to help you understand the plan and make your next move with purpose.

FMMaksims Golubovskis

Max has loved chess since childhood and wants to share that passion. For him, the game teaches more than moves: clear decisions under pressure, patience when plans fall apart, and the self-control to tackle problems calmly, on and off the board.