Theoria

Opening guide · Repertoire for White

Ruy Lopez: learn the moves and ideas

The Ruy Lopez is a classical opening focused on rapid development and central control. An excellent choice for long-term positional improvement.

Practise this opening

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Opening positionBlack to move.
1. e4 e5 2. Nf3 Nc6 3. Bb5

Two lines from our repertoire

Follow each line from the starting position. The notes explain the position after the displayed move, including the plan for the next move. These are repertoire examples; your opponent can choose other replies.

Pause at the diagrams to see the idea. The highlighted squares show the last move; the note explains what comes next.

Moves use international algebraic notation: N = knight, B = bishop, R = rook, Q = queen, K = king.

1. 1st standard mistake by Black

  1. 1. e4
  2. 1... e5
    After 1... e5

    We play ♞g1-f3, developing the piece and attacking ♟e5

  3. 2. Nf3
  4. 2... Nc6
    After 2... Nc6

    The starting position of the Spanish Game arises after the developing move ♝f1-b5, after which Black has quite a few different possibilities.

  5. 3. Bb5
  6. 3... a6
    After 3... a6

    In no case do we exchange; instead, we retreat with ♝b5-a4, maintaining the pressure. In the Spanish, we do everything we can to preserve the light-squared ♝—it is a very important piece for White!

  7. 4. Ba4
  8. After 4... Nf6White to move.
    At the board4... Nf6
    After 4... Nf6

    We confidently castle, dear chess enthusiasts!

  9. 5. O-O
  10. 5... b5
    After 5... b5

    It is important to know that the immediate advance ♟b7-b5 is not accurate for Black, as it allows us to pose serious problems for them. The main move is ...♝f8-e7. We confidently retreat ♝a4-b3!

  11. 6. Bb3
  12. 6... Be7
    After 6... Be7

    What do we do when the opponent’s ♚ is stuck in the center? That’s right, we open up the center — ♟d2-d4!

  13. 7. d4
  14. After 7... exd4White to move.
    At the board7... exd4
    After 7... exd4

    The most obvious reaction for Black turns out to be a blunder. Now the path is cleared for ♟e4, and we take advantage of this by removing ♞f6 from its solid position — ♟e4-e5!

  15. 8. e5
  16. 8... Ng4
    After 8... Ng4

    Pay attention to the hanging pawn ♟e5 in the center, supporting it with ♜f1-e1!

  17. 9. Re1
  18. 9... O-O
    After 9... O-O

    Now that we are fully protected, we play ♟h2-h3, forcing ♞g4 to move to a terrible square.

  19. 10. h3
  20. 10... Nh6
    After 10... Nh6

    Taking advantage of the opportunity, we trade: ♝c1xh6, opening up the position of the enemy ♚.

  21. 11. Bxh6
  22. 11... gxh6
    After 11... gxh6

    White has several good moves, but the most effective is ♟c2-c3 with the aim of freeing the c3 square for ♞b1.

  23. 12. c3
  24. 12... dxc3
    After 12... dxc3

    We capture the pawn in return — ♞b1xc3!

  25. After 13. Nxc3Black to move.
    At the board13. Nxc3
    After 13. Nxc3

    White has comfortable development and a decisive advantage!

2. 2nd standard mistake by Black

  1. 1. e4
  2. 1... e5
    After 1... e5

    We play ♞g1-f3, developing a piece and attacking ♟e5

  3. 2. Nf3
  4. 2... Nc6
    After 2... Nc6

    The starting position of the Ruy Lopez arises after the developing move ♝f1-b5, after which Black has quite a few different options.

  5. 3. Bb5
  6. 3... a6
    After 3... a6

    Under no circumstances do we exchange; instead, we retreat ♝b5-a4, maintaining the pressure. In the Spanish, we do our utmost to preserve the light-squared ♝—this is a very important piece for White!

  7. 4. Ba4
  8. After 4... Nf6White to move.
    At the board4... Nf6
    After 4... Nf6

    We confidently castle, dear chess enthusiasts!

  9. 5. O-O
  10. 5... b5
    After 5... b5

    It is important to know that the immediate attack ♟b7-b5 is not precise for Black, as it allows us to pose Black significant problems. The main move is ...♝f8-e7. We confidently retreat ♝a4-b3!

  11. 6. Bb3
  12. 6... Be7
    After 6... Be7

    What do we do when the opponent's ♚ is left in the center? That's right, we open up the center — ♟d2-d4!

  13. 7. d4
  14. After 7... exd4White to move.
    At the board7... exd4
    After 7... exd4

    The most obvious reaction for Black turns out to be a blunder. Now a path is cleared for ♟e4, and we take advantage of this by dislodging ♞f6 from its stable position — ♟e4-e5!

  15. 8. e5
  16. 8... Ng4
    After 8... Ng4

    We pay attention to the hanging ♟e5 in the center, reinforcing it with ♜f1-e1!

  17. 9. Re1
  18. 9... d6
    After 9... d6

    Notice the change: loss of control over ♞c6. We play ♝b3-d5, partially paralyzing Black’s queenside.

  19. 10. Bd5
  20. 10... Bb7
    After 10... Bb7

    When a pin occurs, what do we do in such a case? We build up pressure on it! We take ♞f3xd4, attacking both knights at once.

  21. 11. Nxd4
  22. After 11... Ngxe5White to move.
    At the board11... Ngxe5
    After 11... Ngxe5

    It seems that Black manages to get out unscathed, but their pieces are positioned very precariously, especially ♞e5. We exchange with ♞d4xc6, securing a material win at the end of the line.

  23. 12. Nxc6
  24. 12... Bxc6
    After 12... Bxc6

    Having an excellent opportunity, we strike — ♜e1xe5, knocking out the support from under ♝c6

  25. 13. Rxe5
  26. 13... dxe5
    After 13... dxe5

    We capture the bishop in return with check — ♝d5xc6!

  27. 14. Bxc6+
  28. 14... Kf8
    After 14... Kf8

    Do not forget to pay attention to the undefended queen, moving her out of attack — ♛d1-f3

  29. After 15. Qf3Black to move.
    At the board15. Qf3
    After 15. Qf3

    With a decisive advantage!

Original commentary from Theoria’s opening lessons, prepared by FIDE Master Maksims Golubovskis.

Put the idea on the board

Open this opening in the trainer to study and practise its lines. Start with one line, explain the purpose of each move, then try to recall it without hints.

Your opening, explained by a master.

FIDE Master and the chess educator behind MaxounChess, Max prepares Theoria’s opening lessons to help you understand the plan and make your next move with purpose.

FMMaksims Golubovskis

Max has loved chess since childhood and wants to share that passion. For him, the game teaches more than moves: clear decisions under pressure, patience when plans fall apart, and the self-control to tackle problems calmly, on and off the board.